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Book Review

The Two Income Trap – Book Review

two income trapThe “Two Income Trap” is a financial theory put forth by authors Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi which proposes that middle class working couples with kids are more likely to stretch their budget to buy expensive houses in good school areas than couples without kids. Because both parents are working, there is no backup plan if there is some type of financial emergency so if one person loses their job then the family’s financial security is put at risk which can end up in bankruptcy.

This book is a well written, extensively researched look at current generation middle class Americans and the reasons why they are not doing as well financially as the previous generation. It debunks the commonly held perception that over-consumption on consumer items and frivolous expenses is the reason why middle class families have increasing debt loads and higher bankruptcy rates than the previous generation. Instead it shows using extensive research that spending on normal consumer items hasn’t changed very much from the previous generation and in fact the main spending difference is on real estate.

Why are they doing this? One reason is that parents want the best for their kids and are willing to spend more money to buy houses in better school areas. The other reason is because they can. Compared to the previous generation a lot more mothers are in the workforce which increases the amount of money a couple can spend on a house. Combined with lower interest rates and the easier credit available to the current generation and you have a recipe for skyrocketing interest rates.

To order this book:

From the United States then please use this link for Amazon.com

If you are from Canada then please use this link for Amazon.ca

The problems occur if a major event happens to the family – divorce, unemployment, medical crisis are all events that in some cases can lead to bankruptcy because the families typically can’t cope with the loss of one income.

Solutions

  • The authors suggest that allowing students to go to school wherever they want will reduce the pressure on the parents to live in an expensive area. A voucher system would allow the parents to decide what school would get their funding and could possibly even allow the parents a say in running the school.
  • Reduce available credit by regulating the lending industry so that families can’t qualify for loans with high interest rates they can barely afford with no down payment.

Interesting Points

  • One comparison I found quite interesting was between a hypothetical family with two incomes who maxed out their credit to buy an expensive house and a second family that can live on one income for the essentials but blows the second income on vacations, big screen tvs etc. In the case where both families suffered a loss of one income, the first family would be hardest hit because they wouldn’t be able to cut back enough on the non-essentials since they have committed so much of their budget to fixed costs like housing. The second family who wastes their second income ironically could handle losing the second income because that money is not committed to anything such as a mortgage. All they have to do is stop going on expensive vacations and buying big screen televisions and they will be fine.
  • Subprime mortgages – even though the book was published in 2003 the section on subprime mortgages could have been written this year. They mention how in 2002 Citibank’s subprime lending subsidiary was prosecuted for deceptive marketing practices and fined $240 million.

What I didn’t like

This book is a bit of a downer because it focuses a lot of the research on families that went bankrupt. It tends to really accentuate the negative to the point of absurdity. There was one example that I found a bit ridiculous – “Gayle” who had three kids and was divorced had fallen into the two income trap when still married and bought an expensive house that required two salaries. Once the divorce occurred (after Dad got laid off) there wasn’t enough money for her to keep the house but in her mind it was the most important thing for her kids to stay in the same house even though they were clearly on the path to bankruptcy. I agree with the authors that she was part of the two income trap when the house was bought, but hanging on to something she had no hope of affording is what I call the stupid trap. Sometimes you have to look at reality and make the choices that are best for you and your family no matter how hard they are.

Another negative which was not a major problem but a bit annoying was the authors’ use of statistics. One issue is that they almost always used comparative percentages to make things look as bad as possible and never put the numbers in context. For example they would say something like “The number of single mothers declaring bankruptcy went up 600% from 1994 to 2002” which is fine but how about letting us know the percent of bankrupt single mothers as a percent of all single mothers? Another trick they did was to extrapolate data – using the previous example they would finish off by saying “If this trend continues then by the end of the decade, one out of every ten single mothers will be bankrupt”. Looking at a trend from 1994 to 2002 (how did they come up with that time period?) and then extrapolating to 2010 is not good math.

Conclusion

Quibbles about depression inducing statistics aside, I really enjoyed this book because I thought it made a great case toward its central thesis and disproved the idea that today’s average middle class family is increasing debt because of televisions. There are a lot of thought provoking ideas in the book which made it a very interesting read.

If learning about why seemingly well off families get into financial trouble is interesting to you then I would recommend this book.

To order this book:

From the United States then please use this link for Amazon.com

If you are from Canada then please use this link for Amazon.ca

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Book Review

Smart Couples Finish Rich – Book Review

This concludes the “Smart Couples Finish Rich” book review. Let me know if you have any thoughts on this book.

Chapter 4 – The Latte factor. This is the famous advice from the Automatic Millionaire where he basically says that cutting out a daily latte will increase your retirement savings by a huge amount – using a 12% return in his example doesn’t hurt either.

Most of us think that small expenditures don’t matter but his point is that they add up to a significant amount. Mainly he suggests replacing small expenditures with cheaper substitutes that usually involve more labour and time. For example instead of a latte & muffin at Starbucks, you can have coffee at home and an apple. Instead of buying snacks at work – bring them from home. Lunch – you should brown bag three times a week and dinners are much cheaper if you are not eating in a restaurant or taking out. Obviously if you get most of your meals outside the home this will involve a major lifestyle change but the rewards can be great. Bach suggests keeping track of your spending for seven days in order to add up the costs of all the small expenditures and eating out.

Chapter 5 – Build your retirement basket and pay yourself first. Good advice about contributing to your rrsp through a workplace savings plan where you can prevent the income tax from being deducted from the income you are going to contribute to the rrsp. His rule is save 10% of gross income to avoid struggling when you retire. He says you should save 20% to be ‘really rich’. And start early. His investment advice is not that great which is not surprising considering he’s a financial advisor. He suggests investing in mutual funds and not once does he mention costs or cheaper alternatives. He uses an 11% return for equities in his examples which is just not realistic. He also uses another financial adviser tactic which is to emphasize maxing out contributions to your rrsp without considering that maybe a couple’s debt might be more pressing. He says you have to invest at least part of your rrsp in equities which is good advice.

Chapter 6 – Build your security basket. He suggests having at least three months worth of expenses in cash – look for higher interest and no more than 24 months worth of expenses. 24 months? By the time I could save that much, my retirement would be half over :). Some great suggestions about setting up a will. Get adequate life insurance. His estimate for life insurance was interesting – figure out the expenses of the survivors and buy coverage for 6-20 years depending on things like how old you are, how much debt you have etc. He suggests that term life is the best type of insurance which most of the pf world would agree with.

Chapter 7 – Build your dream basket. This section basically says to sit down with your partner and think about dreams that you can do together. I’m assuming this includes individual pursuits as well since I’m not sure my partner is interested in going heli-snowboarding. 🙂

His investment advice is quite good here, he talks about index funds and ETFs and DRIPs. Not sure why he didn’t mention them before.

Chapter 8 – He lists 10 of the biggest mistakes that couples make – usual stuff – start investing late, over spending, blah, blah, blah.

Chapter 9 – Increase your income by 10% in 9 weeks (why not 10 weeks)?

I thought this advice was really dumb, however his advice about cleaning up your office and house and organizing everything properly is good. Some good career advice about putting yourself out there and seeing what your market value is, in order to make sure that you are not underpaid.

All in all I would definitely recommend this book or the Automatic Millionaire since that apparently is the exact same book.

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Book Review

Smart Couples Finish Rich – Ch. 3 Review

This post is part of my review of Smart Couples Finish Rich by David Bach. I had planned to go through the whole book and talk about the main points of each chapter in a separate in depth post – however I’ve pretty much lost interest in that idea so I’m going to review chapter 3 today, since the post was already written and I will review the remainder of the book in a separate post.

The first part of this chapter is about organizing your finances – first go through all your paperwork and figure out what you own and what your debts are. Then organize every other aspect of your life as well.

I would tend to agree with this advice although he advocates a pretty radical re-organization of your life to get everything organized perfectly. As most people who have tried to organize at least part of their life know, it’s not the organizing that is the hard part (if you are motivated) but rather the ability to keep things organized that is the hard part. Coming up with a good and logical system that doesn’t require too much work, is the key for keeping yourself organized. He also mentions that the less “stuff” you have, the easier it is to organize it and keep it organized so purge, purge purge! For more tales of organizing, check out Tim’s interesting posts on his own organizing challenge at the Canadian Dream. Post 1, post 2, post 3, last post.

The next bit of advice he has is to write down your goals – people who write down their goals are more likely to fulfill them.

I like to write short term “to do” lists but I don’t really have any “goals” written down although I do sort of have an investment policy which is not written in stone (or anywhere else for that matter). This seems like a good idea but personally I think if you want to achieve something, I don’t see how writing it down will make much of a difference. Maybe if you have a bad memory then writing it down might help? On the other hand I’ve been posting (writing down) about my weight loss goal and I’ve found that I’ve been pretty motivated. Now, whether that’s because I wrote it down, or I’m doing weekly public updates or because I’m just motivated is impossible to say.

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Book Review

Buy Buy Baby – Book Review

The post is part of the Baby Expenses Series. See the entire series here.

RESP Book
Buy The RESP Book on Amazon

I recently read a fascinating book called “Buy, Buy Baby” written by Susan Thomas. The book takes a look at the proliferation of marketing behind baby toys and children’s television shows. The book subtitle “How Consumer Culture Manipulates Parents and Harms Young Minds” should give you a pretty good idea of the author’s opinion of the topic.

 

One of the main topics of the book is the trend for Boomer generation and Gen X moms to want to buy “educational” toys for their children. In the case of the Boomer moms, Thomas says they wanted to buy educational toys and games for their children in the hopes that the children will be smarter. Gen X moms on the other hand say they don’t want to push their children too hard but they buy educational toys anyways.

Some of the specific products and trends that she covers are:

Mozart effect: The idea was that listening to Mozart would improve your intelligence. This idea was based on a very small study on college students which was later debunked but regardless a number of CDs featuring the connection between Mozart and kids were best sellers.

Baby Einstein: The name says it all. These videos were originally created by Julie Aigner-Clark and were turned into an extremely successful business that was sold to Disney. Thomas seems to think that parents buy these videos in the hope of adding a few IQs to little junior, but the message I’ve gotten from various parents I know who like these videos is that they are a great way to keep junior occupied for at least a few moments and who cares if they are educational or not?

She details how the toy industry tries to sell expensive products based on the idea that the toys are “good” or “educational” for your kids when in actual fact they have no extra benefit compared to old fashioned toys such as lego (one of my old favourites).

Another big topic she covers is television shows that are geared toward young children as well as toddlers. Her opinion is that children under the age of two shouldn’t be watching any television at all.

My opinion

I’m not a big fan of marketing and as far as toys go – I’m well aware that most toys are geared towards the parents not the children. We haven’t bought our son many gifts mainly because his relatives back a truck full of toys up to the house every time they visit. I did however convince my mom to buy some toys for him this summer at yard sales which saved a lot of money. As far as television goes, we haven’t let him watch very much tv but at his age (16 months) he doesn’t really have much interest in it. We’ll have to see what happens when he gets older and decide how much tv we want to let him watch.

Summary

A fantastic read if you have ever bought or thought about buying a toy for a child. The book is well researched and well written and I enjoyed it tremendously.

BusinessWeek had an excellent review on this book which is where I first heard about it.

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Book Review

The Lazy Investor

I read and enjoyed “Stop Working” by Derek Foster some time ago, and was excited when I heard he had a new book (“The Lazy Investor”) coming out. After visiting Mike on Friday night, I drank all his beer and took the copy that he’d won (when you let Mr. Cheap come to your house that’s par for the course).

Lazy Investor main points

My take away points from “Stop Working” were

  1. Dividends are a more reliable, consistent way to make money off of stocks rather then trying to time buying and selling.
  2. Blue chip companies with long histories of uninterrupted, increasing dividend payments can replace income.
  3. The tax efficiencies of Canadian dividends make them very attractive while building and living off of your investment income.

STOP WORKING

What the book was about

Although it was quick, fun read, I definitely enjoyed his first book more. This one read like a series of well thought-out blog posts (perhaps a “best of” collection) then a book with a consistent theme.

It covers:

  • How to setup DRIPs.
  • General ideas about investing in stocks.
  • Specific ideas about investing in stocks (including a short list of Canadian companies to consider buying).
  • Investing in American companies.
  • Teaching your kids about investing.
  • Whether you should pay for a child’s university education.

All interesting stuff, but I had expected a bit more of a unifying idea behind the book which wasn’t really there (it was broken into 2 sections, basically: how to invest and how to teach your kids how to invest).This book, like his first, is targeted to the beginner investor, and perhaps *I’m* different rather than this book being weaker than the first (against my best efforts I may have learned a couple things over the last few months). It’s a easy read and it may (bundled with “Stop Working”) be a good text for someone trying to figure out the basics of investing in the stock market (or looking for a straightforward approach to achieving an early retirement). Unfortunately I don’t think you’ll find many radical new ideas in it.

If you want to order this book – click on the Indigo banner below.

STOP WORKING

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Book Review

Smart Couples Finish Rich – Ch. 2 Review

This post is part of my review of Smart Couples Finish Rich by David Bach. The chapter 1 review can be found here.

This chapter is about your values and what you want to do with your life. I found it quite interesting because a lot of personal finance books focus on trying to retire with as much money as possible or they focus on trying to retire with as little as possible. The reality is that you have to decide for yourself what is important in terms of your financial security and figure out how you want your life to go. It’s not good enough just to decide that you need $X dollars in retirement, you have to tie together your current lifestyle while working with your retirement goals so that it all goes together. Usually this means cutting back on your lifestyle while working so that you can save for retirement.

One of his examples of analyzing your values during your working years was health & fitness. Bach says that if it is one of your top values then you should devote the time and money to work on it. If $50/month for a gym membership doesn’t fit into your budget then you should cut something else out that you don’t value as much and make the gym membership happen. Obviously if your values include expensive hobbies then you have to make some decisions. One of the important points of this chapter is about taking control of your life and schedule. Sometimes people get so busy that they don’t make time to do things that they like to do, like get together with old friends, hiking, bicycling etc. Some of these activities don’t even cost any money but they take some time and planning in order to happen.

Determining values is an important exercise for a couple because lots of times people don’t know what their partners values are and this can complicate retirement planning as well as planning your finances during your working years.

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Book Review

Smart Couples Finish Rich – Ch. 1 Review

I recently read the book Smart Couple Finish Rich and really enjoyed it. Since there were so many interesting ideas in the book that I agreed & disagreed with, I thought I would cover the book one chapter at a time (yeah, I like stretching things out).

The basic premise of the first chapter is that couples have to work together on their finances. They should plan together and both of them should know all the relevant financial details ie bank accounts, insurance policies investments etc.

In order to achieve their goals a couple must be able to agree on financial goals to achieve, and be able to work together on saving, investing and spending.

I couldn’t agree more with this bit of advice. I think it’s pretty common for couples to separate their “family duties” and responsibility for looking after the money often falls onto the spouse who is more interested (or less disinterested) in that topic. Canadian Capitalist talks about some solutions for the problem of the spouse who looks after the finances dying and the other spouse having to take over. One of the more interesting suggestions was for the “financial” spouse to give a regular power-point presentation to the other spouse.

My wife and I were both into finances before we met and although I do more of the investment stuff, we both know what’s going on in our finances. We are currently working on a list of all our financial assets/ accounts / passwords etc that we will keep somewhere so if one of us passes away the other can take over. In the event that both of us die, our executor will have a copy of this information as well.

Do you have a partnership where the finances are shared? Or is one partner the main “financier”?

Next Chapter.

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Book Review

The Trouble With Prosperity – Book Review

This is another book in the Bernstein recommended list and the second book I’ve read and reviewed by James Grant. The other review was Money of the Mind.

Along with being an author, Grant is also the founder of Grant’s Interest Rate Observer, an investment newsletter based in New York City. As one might expect, books written by a guy who sits around and observes interest rates all day long, might not be that exciting. I’ve concluded that although he is a good writer and his books contain tons of research – he’s no Clive Cussler. Ironically I was reading a Cussler novel at the same time I was trying to read this book.

For the record, I managed to get through two thirds of this book and just skimmed the remainder, so needless to say I don’t recommend it unless you are absolutely desperate for an insomnia cure.

The premise of the book (not that it really matters at this point) is that Grant is of the opinion that there are natural business cycles which shouldn’t necessarily be interfered with as much as governments and central banks tend to do. In particular he says that when there excesses created as a result of good times (his theme in Money of the Mind), it’s important that when the inevitable recession or depression occurs that it be severe enough to “clean up” all the inefficient investments, companies etc. If the central bank works too hard to soften the blow then it only prolongs the inefficiencies. He uses Japan as a prime example of a country where the banking system was sorely in need of a major overhaul after that country’s great economic success in the 80’s but as we’ve seen, Japan never had the major downturn that might have let them fix their problems and then grow normally.

Although I don’t disagree with his logic I’m not sure I completely buy the fact that you have to make every business a lean machine before heading into the next upswing. If you only have a mild recession after a long up cycle then there will be companies that are not all that efficient staying in business, but the way I look at it, if the market values them accurately then someone will come along and buy them and make them more efficient.